Endocrinology

The underlying pathological mechanisms of obesity overlap with those of dementia and diabetes mellitus. Age, gender, Western diet, depression, and genetic and epigenetic factors mediate an inflammatory state, which leads to metabolic dysregulation. The development of chronic conditions can be avoided with drugs, surgical interventions, and lifestyle modifications. Dementia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic...

SGLT-2is, including ipragliflozin, are an effective therapeutic modality for diabetes patients with NAFLD. Ipragliflozin is also effective in the resolution of NASH and in mediating obesity and glycemic control. Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) are widely used for the treatment of diabetes; however, the effect of SGLT-2is on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain....

This systematic review discussed the complications of dental implant procedures in diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes patients. Implementation and adherence to preventive anti-infective measures under controlled glycemic conditions effectively reduces dental implant surgery complications in patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Although useful for dental and oral rehabilitation, dental implant surgery is associated with increased complications....

Long-term and regular use of PPIs in treating acid-related diseases can lead to the onset of T2DM, particularly in younger patients with higher clinical severity, according to a recent case-control study. Therefore, physicians are advised to refrain from the unnecessary or long-term prescription of PPIs. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) suppress the meal-stimulated and basal secretion...

Patients with T2DM are more likely to experience resistant infections, mainly of the respiratory and urinary tracts, than healthy individuals, according to a recent meta-review. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health burden associated with increased economic costs, mortality, morbidity, and disability. While T2DM is significantly related to the development of non-communicable diseases,...

A recent review article explored the effects of sleep behaviors and disorders on the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 DM and found positive associations with insomnia, night shift duty, and short sleep duration. Certain sleep disorders, including short/long sleep duration (SD), insomnia, daytime napping, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and changes in the sleep–wake cycle,...

Earlier onset of type 2 DM compared to late-onset type 2 DM increases the risk of developing microvascular complications, but may not increase risk of macrovascular complications. Patients with EOD may benefit from preventive and therapeutic measures before the onset of symptoms of vascular complications. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)...

Empagliflozin is an SGLT-2i with positive treatment outcomes in patients with T2DM and HF, though it was not originally developed for the combination of these conditions. Future long-term and well-designed clinical trials are needed to support these findings. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) are the two of the most common medical...

GDM in ≥ 1 pregnancy is associated with a significant risk of developing type 2 DM in the affected women. The risk remains elevated for > 35 years, according to a recent study. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by the onset of hyperglycemia in the second or third trimester in pregnant women without a...