Pulmonology

Food allergies disproportionately impact low-income, non-White families for a wide variety of complex, intersectional reasons. The presence of food allergies is increasingly common in children and is associated with a significant financial and psychological burden on pediatric patients and their families. The increasing trend of allergies has been pervasive for all children, but the impact...

In a comprehensive study spanning eight countries and involving 2401 children over 2 years, four clinical case definitions for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection were evaluated against the World Health Organization’s 2015 criteria.  Respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV–LRTI) poses a significant threat to young children globally, with varied diagnostic criteria...

The assessment of droplets in the exhaled air of mild asthma patients indicated changes in surfactant protein-A and albumin after exposure to indoor ultrafine particles derived from cooking. Candle and cooking exposure are associated with mild inflammation. Personal exposure and health outcomes depend on exposure to indoor pollutants, including particulate matter from burning candles and...

This study found a negative association between asthma in children and the intake of docosahexaenoic acid in the diet, particularly in male children between 5 and 12 years of age with a history of maternal smoking during the gestation period.  The development of childhood asthma involves behavioral, genetic, and environmental changes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)...

Systemic inflammation and vascular function were not affected by immediate airway challenges involving bronchoconstriction (methacholine) or inflammation and bronchoconstriction (mannitol) in a recent clinical trial. Asthma is a persistent respiratory disorder characterized by repetitive instances of inflammation in the airways, leading to the constriction of the bronchial tubes and the manifestation of symptoms such as...

The administration of dupilumab is associated with an increased risk of the development of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in asthma patients with higher peripheral blood eosinophil counts. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that acts against interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), suppressing type 2 inflammation. Patients undergoing treatment with dupilumab may develop eosinophilia, characterized by a peripheral...

This study demonstrated the long-term efficacy of mepolizumab, a monoclonal interleukin-5 antibody, in reducing asthma exacerbations, steroid dependence, and nasal polyps over a 3-year period. Mepolizumab (MEP) is a monoclonal antibody that acts against interleukin (IL)-5 to control the proliferation, maturation, and activity of eosinophils. The efficacy of MEP in patients with severe asthma has...