Vision Loss Variations Among Patients With NMOSD- MDNewsline

Vision loss occurs in patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, and this study analyzes the different ways and amounts that this occurs.

Some patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) exhibit optic neuritis (ON), and this can result in more severe vision loss when compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). This article, published in Scientific Reports, compares ON-related vision loss in NMOSD when compared to MS and MOGAD. The aim of the study is to identify neuroaxonal and retinal contributors to vision dysfunction in these cases.

This retrospective study included 28 patients (54 eyes) with NMOSD, 14 patients (27 eyes) with MOGAD, 29 patients (58 eyes) with MS, and 14 controls (28 eyes). Twenty-three eyes of the NMOSD group, 15 eyes of the MOGAD group and 24 eyes of the MS group had prior history of optic neuritis. Patients were assessed for optic nerve damage and fovea morphometry using optical coherence tomography, and visual function was noted as high- or low-contrast visual acuity, and visual fields’ mean deviation. In all of the diseases analyzed, lower visual function was associated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell, and inner plexiform layer thinning.

The authors note that these results show a potential contribution of Müller cells to high-contrast vision loss, but that these should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size. The small sample size is also problematic for foveal parameters, because these show large variation among individuals, even in healthy eyes. The data support the conclusion that visual dysfunction in NMOSD is associated with neuroaxonal damage beyond the amount that this effect exhibits in MS and MOGAD.

Reference
Gigengack, N. K., Oertel, F. C., Motamedi, S., Bereuter, C., Duchow, A., Rust, R., . . . Zimmermann, H. G. (2022). Structure-function correlates of vision loss in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Sci Rep, 12(1), 17545. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19848-4

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