June 4, 2019

Diabetes is a risk factor of both hypertension and coronary artery disease due to increased systemic pressures and increased atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among heart failure patients with one study showing a 40% of hospitalized heart failure patients having comorbid diabetes...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were initially introduced in the 1980s. Since then PPIs are one of the most common medications prescribed throughout the United States with indications for use in peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and H. pylori infections. The latest research on the long-term risks of PPI treatment has both...