HIV/AIDS

Researchers explored the intricate relationship between HIV infection in Ethiopian women and the development of precancerous cervical lesions, addressing existing inconsistencies in the literature, with the goal of determining the true impact of HIV on the risk of precancerous cervical lesions in this population. Some studies hint at a significant link between HIV and pre-cancerous...

This study was a systematic review of evidence related to sexual transmission of HIV at varying viral load levels among serodiscordant couples. The results showed a nearly zero risk of sexual transmission of HIV when the partner living with HIV has a viral load of less than 1000 copies per mL.  A new study published...

Maintenance darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy was effective in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in a recent study; however, about 10% of the cases required treatment intensification. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are associated with drug-related toxicities in both fetal and neonatal stages. However, despite known toxicities, NRTIs are recommended for neonatal prophylaxis against HIV during pregnancy. ...

Opioid agonist therapy and needle and syringe programs are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV, HCV, and injecting risk behavior, according to a recent review. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with injecting risk behavior in people who inject drugs (PWID). This systematic review updated an...

Microarray patches were found to be acceptable as both multipurpose prevention technology and pre-exposure prophylaxis among participants of a recent study; however, some participants expressed a preference for multipurpose prevention technology. Microarray patches (MAPs) are being developed as a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) in order to prevent unplanned pregnancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection....

Sulfated endospermic nanocellulose crystals were shown to have antiviral activity by irreversibly interacting with viral particles via cross-linking, thereby inhibiting viral infections. Sulfated endospermic nanocellulose (ENC) crystals are biomaterials that have antimicrobial activity. ENC can be derived from the parenchyma of ivory nut endosperm and used against microbes after its binding capacity is enhanced by...

A literature review found that long-acting injectable cabotegravir is effective for the prevention of HIV; however, it may increase the risk of resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in individuals with infection at the initiation or during the treatment process. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose a significant health burden,...

Medically reviewed by Dr. Samuel Sarmiento, M.D., MPH on Oct. 4, 2023 The culturally congruent adherence intervention was associated with a significant increase in adherence, decreased medical mistrust, and reduced HIV-stigmatizing beliefs. The intervention was cost-effective and compatible with the needs of the Black population.   Black Americans with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection tend to have relatively...

Medically reviewed by Dr. Kimberly Langdon Cull, M.D. on Sept. 22, 2023 Dolutegravir produces more frequent viral suppression during delivery than current antiretroviral therapy regimens, including raltegravir and atazanavir-ritonavir. The medical literature contains limited data on the safety and efficacy of dolutegravir antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus current therapy regimens for managing human immunodeficiency virus type 1...