Immunology

A new ex vivo study shows that the AQP4-IgG/AQP4 immunocomplex-mediated cytokine response plays a vital role in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathogenesis. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease particularly affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. Unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), NMOSD exhibits unique clinical features and diagnostic criteria, with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin...

A comprehensive review highlights the crucial role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in psoriasis management, showcasing the efficacy of targeted biological therapies. These findings represent a significant breakthrough, providing effective alternatives to conventional treatments with improved safety profiles. Psoriasis, a complex inflammatory skin disease, impacts millions worldwide. The disease is driven by genetic and environmental factors...

A Mendelian randomization analysis study has demonstrated an increased risk of multiple myeloma in individuals genetically susceptible to primary sclerosing cholangitis. Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferative disease with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality and a poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the potential relationship between multiple myeloma and autoimmune diseases.  In this Mendelian randomization...

An analysis of microarray data demonstrated impaired apoptosis signaling pathways in CD14+ monocytes in psoriatic arthritis patients, concluding that their increased levels may play an essential role in the disease pathogenesis. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex chronic inflammatory condition affecting approximately 30% of patients with psoriasis, leading to functional impairments and increased mortality risk. ...

A prospective follow-up study found that psoriatic arthritis patients with higher synovial immunohistochemical reactivity of IL-17A, DKK1, and TGF-β1 are more likely to benefit from early initiation of biologics. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting joints and skin in patients with psoriasis. It exhibits progressive and destructive joint changes, with significant pathological...

M1 polarization of macrophages and their dynamic crosstalk with other cells, such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes, may explain the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, providing new therapeutic strategies. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition involving the perianal, axillary, inguinal, and gluteal areas of the body. The disease pathogenesis is based on the dysregulation...

A patient survey study confirms that food allergies impose a significant psychosocial burden on patients and their caregivers. Food allergies exert a substantial negative impact on the mental, emotional, and social well-being of patients and their caregivers. Patients and caregivers often experience anxiety related to food allergies.  A prospective study published in the World Allergy...

A phase II trial confirms the efficacy and safety of frexalimab and its ability to reduce disease activity in patients living with relapsing MS, with considerable benefit compared to placebo. The CD40–CD40L (CD154) costimulatory pathway, which regulates adaptive and innate immune responses, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Elevated levels of...

Bifidobacterium-dominant module and IgE levels specific to milk and casein were associated with the acquisition of sustained unresponsiveness to cow’s milk allergy in participants on oral immunotherapy in a randomized cohort study. Oral immunotherapy can improve cow’s milk allergy (CMA); however, it is challenging to maintain unresponsiveness to allergens. The gut microbiome and fecal water-soluble...