Immunology

Complement biomarkers, including complement factor H (CFH), Ba, and sC5b-9, present in the peripheral blood of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients, can aid in understanding the disease’s status. The complement system is implicated in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Recently, eculizumab, a humanized anti-C2 monoclonal antibody, was utilized in treating neuroimmune diseases....

Severe dysautonomic symptoms in patients suffering from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are associated with poor quality of life. Management of these symptoms can facilitate a better quality of life for these patients. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory condition that involves the central nervous system (CNS), and its pathogenesis is based on the...

Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD aid in restoring patients’ visual and neurological functions in the acute stage of the disease. The novel strategies include the administration of biologics and monoclonal antibodies. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder primarily based on the involvement of the optic nerves and...

Neurobiological mechanisms that explain the association of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with the cerebellum include alterations in the cerebello–cerebral and within-cerebellar connectivity and relevant genetic changes. The cerebellum is integral to the pathology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms to explain this association and...

Compared to CD19-positive B-cell monitoring, CD27-positive B-cell monitoring of reinfusion of the rituximab therapeutic regimen reduced the number of re-infusions with a comparable safety and efficacy profile. Patients suffering from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are widely administered B-cell-depleting agents; however, there is a lack of evidence-based information regarding...

The strong visual disability predictors in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder include seropositivity for AQP4-IgG, optic neuritis at the first attack, and older age at onset. High-effect immunosuppression at an early stage is required for high-risk patients. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disorder involving the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in transverse myelitis...

This study found various quantities of viral RNA in wastewater samples. Human coronavirus comprised the highest concentration, followed by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus B, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A. Wastewater epidemiology studies use biological samples to monitor the trends of disease occurrence in a particular community, irrespective of the symptoms or the medical care provided....

This study presents a review of the treatment and prevention strategies for respiratory syncytial virus. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease globally, especially in young children. Despite its high prevalence and morbidity, the available therapy is mostly supportive. Recent developments in novel therapies offer hope for reducing...

This study provides a review of the transmission, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestation of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen with a bimodal distribution, mostly affecting the pediatric and geriatric populations. Affected healthy adults are usually asymptomatic, but severe infection can occur in elderly, immunocompromised, or other high-risk populations....