Neurology

A phase II trial confirms the efficacy and safety of frexalimab and its ability to reduce disease activity in patients living with relapsing MS, with considerable benefit compared to placebo. The CD40–CD40L (CD154) costimulatory pathway, which regulates adaptive and innate immune responses, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Elevated levels of...

A new preclinical study in an animal model found that stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes may benefit those living with multiple sclerosis. The study found exomes as a promising emerging therapy with a better safety profile. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of myelin. This demyelination leads...

Multiple sclerosis treatment with interferon beta may infrequently cause thrombotic microangiopathy, resulting in acute kidney injury. However, a newly published literature review finds that early identification of the complication and treatment with eculizumab may help prevent end-stage renal disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, mostly affecting...

A cohort study found glial fibrillary acid protein may be a reliable cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for differentiating progressive multiple sclerosis from relapsing disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents a complex challenge in clinical management due to its varied progression patterns and the absence of precise biological markers to predict disease course. Two MS types, relapsing and...

A systemic review and meta-analysis found that natalizumab was similarly effective in both standard and extended interval dosing. However, the study also found that extended interval dosing did not improve its safety profile. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disease with poorly understood pathology. However, it is known that immune...

An analysis of data from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium identified five proteins that could be targets of future drug therapies for managing progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent chronic neurological disease affecting young adults, characterized by inflammatory attacks followed by progressive disability. While current therapies primarily target inflammation and relapsing...

Double-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a syndrome that differs from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. It may cause both monophasic and relapsing conditions. However, it does cause severe disability. There is a need for more research to understand the unique treatment requirements of double-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder...

A prospective study shows that it is possible to differentiate between relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with high accuracy using MRI imaging. However, differentiating between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease using imaging methods is relatively challenging. There is a lot of overlap between clinical and...

Highest versus lowest decile of application of simazine, lindane, atrazine linked to increased relative risks for Parkinson disease Three pesticides (lindane, simazine, and atrazine) are associated with Parkinson disease (PD) in the Rocky Mountains/Great Plains region of the United States, according to a study scheduled for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Academy...