Neurology

The effects of COVID-19 vaccination on people with multiple sclerosis has not been studied in sufficient detail. This study provides an analysis of the available data. COVID-19 infection as well as the various COVID-19 vaccines have caused health complications for some patients with certain medical conditions. Despite the vaccine being available for a number of...

The gut microbiome of patients with multiple sclerosis appears to be altered in characteristic ways that may inform future therapeutic approaches. Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the brain and spinal cord, it has been hypothesized that a disrupted bacterial and viral gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease....

Researchers were able to use AI-generated images as accurately as MRI-acquired images to identify lesions.  Although cortical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are clinically significant, they are often hard to evaluate using conventional clinical MRI. Double inversion recovery (DIR) and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) are more sensitive but tend to be unavailable in many clinical settings. In...

People with MS deal with various types of burdensome effects of their disease. This study analyzed these effects in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had wide-ranging impacts on mental health symptoms and quality of life. This change was apparent in both the general population and those with varying mental and physical...

ADHD seems to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, but their interaction is unclear. This editorial summarizes research in this field. In the 21st century, it has been generally established that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a heritability of about 80%, based on estimations from twin and family studies. At the same...

ADHD and other neurodivergent conditions may be caused by deficiency of the lipid flippase ATP9A, which can cause various neural abnormalities with a wide range of effects. ATP9A is a lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases. It is involved in cellular vesicle trafficking and has homozygous variants that are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. The...

Virtual reality-based interventions for ADHD show some promise, but the current field of research has limitations that make results inconclusive. The immersive quality of VR, along with its safety and ability to be finely controlled, makes it potentially useful for training and rehabilitation. VR is also being used to improve cognitive function among children with...

Advancements in understanding NMOSD have led to the discovery of new targeted therapies in the past 20 years, but managing the condition still presents significant challenges. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) is a severe form of multiple sclerosis (MS) that damages the spinal cord and optic nerve. NMOSD presents unique short- and long-term management difficulties....

NMOSD imposes a significant burden on patients, carers, and healthcare systems. This study found reduced health utilities, high costs of informal care, and reduced work capacity for patients with NMOSD and their carers. A unique autoimmune condition known as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) affects the central nervous system and causes inflammation of the optic...